Berilo
Água marinha (variedade do Berilo) truncando a Turmalina, pertencem a Classe dos Ciclosilicatos com sistema cristalino Hexagonal.
A variedade verde do Berilo é a Esmeralda.
Berilo
Fórmula Química - Be3Al2Si6O18
Composição - 13,96 % BeO, 18,97 % Al2O3, 67,07 % SiO2
Cristalografia - Hexagonal
Classe - Bipiramidal dihexagonal
Propriedades Ópticas - Uniaxial negativo
Hábito - Prismático, estriado, colunar, granular.
Clivagem - Imperfeita em {0001}
Dureza - 7,5 - 8
Densidade relativa - 2,6 - 2,8
Fratura - Conchoidal
Brilho - Vítreo, resinoso
Cor - Verde-esmeralda (esmeralita), verde-pálido, azul (água marinha), amarelo, branco, vermelho-rosa pálido (morganita), incolor
Associação - Associado a quartzo, lepidolita, muscovita, turmalinas, cassiterita.
Propriedades Diagnósticas - Cor, hábito ( em geral colunar), dureza, clivagem, propriedades ópticas.
Ocorrência - Encontrado em cavidades de granitos e granitos pegmatíticos. Ocorre também em nefelina-sienitos, micaxistos e margas.
Usos - Gema (esmeralda, água marinha, morganita) e fonte do elemento berilo.
Turmalina
Fórmula Química - Na(Fe,Mn)3Al6B3Si6O27(OH,F)4
Cristalografia - Hexagonal
Classe - Bipiramidal hexagonal
Propriedades Ópticas - Uniaxial negativo
Hábito - Prismático, estriado, colunar, laminar
Clivagem - Fraca {11-20} e {10-11}
Dureza - 7 - 7,5
Densidade relativa - 2,9 - 3,2
Fratura - Subconchoidal
Brilho - Lustroso, vítreo a resinoso
Cor - Incolor, marron-amarelado, marrom a preto
Associação - Associada a axinita, datolita.
Propriedades Diagnósticas - Hábito (em geral prismático), seção basal triangular, ausência de clivagem, estrias longitudinais, dureza, testes químicos.
Ocorrência - Encontrado em rochas metamórficas. Presente também em rochas básicas por metassomatismo de boro.
Usos - Gema.
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